"This book is an introduction in the very best sense of the word. It provides the beginner with an accurate, sophisticated, yet accessible account, and offers new insights and challenging perspectives to those who have more specialized knowledge. Focusing on the period in Chinese philosophy that is surely most easily approachable and perhaps is most important, it ranges over of rich set of competing options. It also, with admirable self-consciousness, presents a number of daring attempts to relate those options to philosophical figures and movements from the West. I recommend it very highly." —Lee H. Yearley, Walter Y. Evans-Wentz Professor, Religious Studies, Stanford University
"This book on philosophers who arose in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty is also an introduction to comparative ways of nonsuperficial thinking both within Chinese tradition and between Chinese tradition and the West. . . . The work is carefully detailed at every philosophically interesting turn, providing, e.g., a detailed discussion of mysticism that does not conflate traditions but sees distinctiveness. Throughout there are translations of technical terms, along with both pinyin and Chinese characters. Chapters conclude with well-crafted review questions. . . . Appendixes on hermeneutics, Chinese language, and the Kongzi are very useful. Summing up: Highly recommended." —F. J. Hoffman, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, in Choice
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"This book is an introduction in the very best sense of the word. It provides the beginner with an accurate, sophisticated, yet accessible account, and offers new insights and challenging perspectives to those who have more specialized knowledge. Focusing on the period in Chinese philosophy that is surely most easily approachable and perhaps is most important, it ranges over of rich set of competing options. It also, with admirable self-consciousness, presents a number of daring attempts to relate those options to philosophical figures and movements from the West. I recommend it very highly."
—Lee H. Yearley, Walter Y. Evans-Wentz Professor, Religious Studies, Stanford University
"A substantial and highly accessible introduction to the indigenous philosophies of China. Van Norden shares his clear distillations of classical Chinese philosophies using conceptual frameworks many will find familiar. This reader-friendly book sets the historical and cultural contexts for the philosophies discussed, and includes appendices, study questions, and imaginative scenarios, which aid us in appreciating some of the most important philosophy ever developed."
—Ann Pirruccello, Professor of Philosophy, University of San Diego
"This lucid introduction to early Chinese thought offers historical, textual and conceptual analyses of the schools of Classical Chinese philosophy, illuminating their basic themes, theories, and arguments and providing readers with an intellectual bridge between Chinese and Western thought. Introductory texts such as this are especially needed today, as the study of philosophy faces the challenges of globalization and the urgent need for dialogue among different philosophical traditions.
“An ideal text for introductory courses, this book will also inspire graduate students, scholars and experts in philosophy in general, and Chinese Philosophy in particular, with its theoretical insights and comparative methodology."
—Vincent Shen, Lee Chair in Chinese Thought and Culture, Departments of Philosophy and East Asian Studies, University of Toronto
"This book on philosophers who arose in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty is also an introduction to comparative ways of nonsuperficial thinking both within Chinese tradition and between Chinese tradition and the West. . . . The work is carefully detailed at every philosophically interesting turn, providing, e.g., a detailed discussion of mysticism that does not conflate traditions but sees distinctiveness. Throughout there are translations of technical terms, along with both pinyin and Chinese characters. Chapters conclude with well-crafted review questions. . . . Appendixes on hermeneutics, Chinese language, and the Kongzi are very useful. Summing up: Highly recommended."
—F. J. Hoffman, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, in Choice
"Van Norden's book is a very good introduction to the classical Chinese thinkers, especially for those interested in the Chinese-Western comparative approach. It is much stronger on the Confucians (especially Mengzi and Xunzi), Mozi, and the school of names than on the Daoists, and I highly recommend it as an introductory text for further study in Confucianism."
—Alexus McLeod, Philosophy Department, University of Dayton, in Dao
"Introduction to Classical Chinese Philosophy provides a lucid and comprehensive introduction to the philosophical debates of the warring states period. Van Norden does an admirable job of underscoring what is different and unique in Chinese philosophy while suggesting ways in which Chinese philosophers and western philosophers might engage in dialogue.
"Chapters are broken up into manageable-sized pieces and the review questions and appendixes on the Chinese language are very helpful."
—Andrew Colvin, Department of Philosophy, Slippery Rock University
About the Author:
Bryan W. Van Norden is Professor in the Philosophy Department, and in the department of Chinese and Japanese, at Vassar College.
A note to students who just finished reading Introduction to Classical Chinese Philosophy from author Bryan Van Norden.
CONTENTS:
Preface
Map of China
Selected Translations
Selected Secondary Works
1. THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT
I. Myth
II. Early History
III. The Period of the Philosophers
IV. Timeline
2. KONGZI AND CONFUCIANISM
I. Kongzi’s Social Context and Life
II. Five Themes of Confucianism
1. Happiness in the Everyday World
2. Revivalistic Traditionalism
3. The Family and Differentiated Caring
4. Ritual and Functionalism
5. Ethical Cultivation
3. KONGZI AND VIRTUE ETHICS
I. Three Normative Theories
II. Confucianism as Virtue Ethics
1. Living Well
2. The Virtues
3. Ethical Cultivation and Human Nature
III. Limitations of Confucianism
IV. Kongzi’s Particularism
4. MOHIST CONSEQUENTIALISM
I. The Fixed Standard of Consequentialism
II. Criticisms of Confucianism
III. Political Philosophy
IV. Divine Command Theory
V. “Against Fatalism” and Dialectic
VI. “On Ghosts” and Truth
VII. Historical Significance
5. YANG ZHU AND EGOISM
I. What Is Egoism?
1. Psychological Egoism
2. Ethical Egoism
II. What Is the Nature of a Thing?
III. Early Debates over Yang Zhu’s Way
IV. The Contemporary Debate
6. MENGZI AND HUMAN NATURE
I. The Mohists, Profit, and Impartiality
II. Yang Zhu and Human Nature
III. The Virtues
IV. Ethical Cultivation
V. Cosmology
VI. Historical Significance
7. LANGUAGE AND PARADOX IN THE “SCHOOL OF NAMES”
I. Deng Xi and the Origins of the “School”
II. Hui Shi 103
III. Gongsun Long
IV. The Later Mohists
1. Resolving the Paradox of Deng Xi
2. Resolving the Paradoxes of Hui Shi
3. Resolving the White Horse Paradox
4. The New Foundation of Mohist Ethics
5. The Limits of Logic
V. Historical Significance
8. THE DAODEJING AND MYSTICISM
I. Myth and Reality
II. Five Themes
1. Social Ills and Their Solution
2. Nonaction
3. The Teaching Th at Is without Words
4. The Way
5. Mysticism
III. Historical Significance
9. ZHUANGZI’S THERAPEUTIC SKEPTICISM AND RELATIVISM
I. Zhuangzi’s Context
II. Skepticism
III. Relativism
IV. Detachment in Society, Not from Society
V. Nonaction
VI. Doctrine or Therapy?
VII. Conventional or Radical?
VIII. Historical Significance
10. XUNZI’S CONFUCIAN NATURALISM
I. Xunzi’s Context
II. Naturalism and Ritual
III. History and Objectivity
IV. Human Nature and Psychology
V. Ethical Cultivation
VI. Historical Significance
11. HAN FEIZI
I. Life and Context
II. Critique of Confucianism
III. The Five Elements of Han Feizi’s Theory of Government
1. The Power of Position
2. Administrative Methods
3. Laws
4. The Two Handles of Government
5. The Way of the Ruler
IV. The Question of Amoralism
V. Historical Significance
12. LATER CHINESE THOUGHT
I. Qin Dynasty
II. Han through Six Dynasties
III. Sui through the Ming
IV. Qing through Mao Zedong
V. China Today and Tomorrow
APPENDIX A: Hermeneutics, or How to Read a Text
I. Faith and Suspicion
II. “Our” Worldview and “Theirs”
APPENDIX B: The Chinese Language and Writing System
I. The Five Types of Chinese Characters
II. Spoken Chinese
III. Radicals and Dictionaries
IV. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
V. For Further Reading
APPENDIX C: Kongzi as Systematic Philosopher
I. The “One Th read” of Analects 4.15
II. The “Rectifi cation of Names” of Analects 13.3
III. The “Broadening of the Way” of Analects 15.29
IV. Conclusion
Sources for Facts and Myths
Illustration Credits
Endnotes